Index of Gardiner's History of England

Charles I (King of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1625),

• opinion of Ville-aux-Clercs on the character of,
• defects of, as a ruler,
• establishes himself at Whitehall,
• wishes James's Parliament to meet after the King's death,
• keeps order in his Court,
• is eager to fit out the fleet to be used against Spain, and engages to supply money to the King of France,
• gathers a land force,
• is married by proxy,
• orders all proceedings against, the Catholics to be stayed,
• his first interview with his wife,
• his first matrimonial dispute,
• enters London with the Queen,
• financial engagements of,
• opens his first Parliament,
• tells the Commons that they have brought him into the war,
• makes a good impression on the Commons,
• makes no definite demand,
• is not opposed to persecution,
• answers the grievances of the Commons, and proposes to end the session,
• listens to Laud,
• financial difficulties of,
• resolves to ask for a further grant,
• objects to the committal of Montague, as being his chaplain,
• adjourns the Houses to Oxford, and announces his intention of executing the recusancy laws,
• domestic troubles of
• remonstrates with the Queen on the arrangements of her household,
• orders the liberation of priests to accompany Effiat to France,
• is in difficulty about Pennington's fleet,
• double-dealing of,
• is urged by the French to allow the fleet to be used against Rochelle,
• sends further instructions to Pennington,
• orders Pennington to return to Dieppe, and deliver his ships to the French,
• is in a dilemma how to deal with the Catholics,
• summons the Houses before him in Christchurch Hall,
• asks for supply, and empowers Conway to explain his wants,
• directs Sir J. Coke to give further explanations,
• resolves to send the fleet to the Spanish coast,
• sends a message to the Commons, begging for immediate supply,
• insists upon dissolving Parliament,
• dissolves his first Parliament,
• continues his confidence in Buckingham,
• with the consent of the Privy Council, banishes the priests and issues Privy Seals,
• is on bad terms with the Queen,
• wishes the Queen to admit English Ladies of the Bedchamber to her service,
• agrees to the treaty of Southampton with the Dutch, and breaks openly with Spain,
• resolves to send Buckingham to the Hague to pawn the Crown jewels, and to attend the Congress,
• reviews the fleet and troops at Plymouth,
• makes excuses for his treatment of the English Catholics,
• hesitates to restore a ship seized by Soubise, and refuses to discuss with Blainville the question of the Queen's household,
• makes the Opposition leaders sheriffs,
• declares that Wentworth is an honest gentleman,
• orders the issue of writs for a new Parliament,
• informs the Bishop of Mendeo of his resolution to introduce English ladies into the Queen's household,
• orders French prize goods to be sold,
• hesitates whether he shall proceed with the sale,
• wishes to come to a compromise,
• resolves to relieve Rochelle,
• insists upon the fulfilment by Louis of the terms of the Treaty of Montpellier,
• is displeased at the Queen's refusal to be crowned,
• coronation of,
• is displeased with the terms granted by Louis to the Huguenots,
• orders Holland and Carleton to insist on the recognition of their master's mediation,
• treats the offer of French co-operation with coolness,
• insists that the Queen shall witness a procession in the company of the Countess of Buckingham,
• forbids Blainville to appear at Court, and demands his recall,
• opens his second Parliament
• receives Richelieu's fresh overtures with coolness,
• wishes Lord Lome to marry Elizabeth Stuart,
• sends Arundel to the Tower,
• assures Totness that the Commons shall not send him to the Tower,
• demands justice on Clement Coke and Dr. Turner,
• complains of the conduct of the Commons in attacking Buckingham,
• urges the Commons to grant supply,
• directs Coventry to inform the Commons that they have liberty of counsel, not of control,
• tells the Commons that Parliaments are to continue or not according to their fruits,
• allows the Commons to proceed with their inquiry into the conduct of the Government,
• does his best to alienate France,
• receives Blainville at his last audience,
• allows Arundel to go to his own house, and orders Bristol to remain at Sherborne,
• accuses Bristol of having tried to pervert him,
• accuses Bristol of high treason,
• informs the Lords that he is able to bear witness to the falsehood of Bristol's charges against Buckingham,
• contests the right of the Lords to allow Bristol the use of counsel,
• his authority at stake in Buckingham's impeachment,
• is angry at Eliot's comparison of Buckingham to Sejanus,
• testifies Buckingham's innocence to the Lords, and objects to their message about Arundel,
• sends Eliot and Digges to the Tower,
• waives his pretensions to give evidence against Bristol, and releases Digges,
• orders Weston to state that Eliot is imprisoned on account of actions done out of the House,
• liberates Eliot, having failed to discover proof that he is in league with Blainville,
• asks the University of Cambridge to elect Buckingham Chancellor,
• orders the Commons to desist from further inquiry into Buckingham's election,
• threatens the Commons with a dissolution if they do not speedily grant a supply,
• believes that to abandon Buckingham will be destructive of the constitution,
• dissolves Parliament,
• issues a proclamation for the peace of the Church,
• calls in the Remonstrance of the Commons, and directs that Buckingham's case shall be tried in the Star Chamber,
• attempts in vain to induce the City to lend him money, but obtains a small loan from the aldermen,
• gets together a fleet to act against Spain,
• proposes a free gift to the country, orders tonnage and poundage to be levied, and dismisses several justices of the peace,
• orders musters to be held,
• makes a forced requisition of ships for Willoughby's fleet,
• financial distress of,
• quarrels with his wife,
• expels the Queen's French attendants,
• rejects a proposal to debase the coinage,
• hears of the Battle of Lutter, and resolves to send four regiments to Denmark,
• arranges a new household for the Queen, and treats Bassompierre rudely,
• determines to levy a forced loan, and issues a circular to the clergy,
• is on better terms with the Queen,
• dismisses Chief Justice Crew,
• rejects the French ultimatum,
• believes Richelieu to have been bribed by the Pope, and himself to have been always in the right,
• sends Pennington to attack the French shipping,
• refuses to treat separately with Spain,
• hopes to retrieve the defeat of Christian IV.,
• sends Morgan with four regiments to help Christian IV.,
• fails to obtain money on the security of a jewel sent by him to Denmark,
• sends Walter Montague to stir up discontent in France,
• goes to Portsmouth to review the fleet for the relief of Rochelle, and issues instructions to Buckingham,
• is eager to support Buckingham,
• urges the Lord Treasurer and the Chancellor of the Exchequer to find money for the expedition,
• repeats his orders,
• sends reinforcements to Rhé,
• is informed that he has no allies,
• seizes three Dutch East Indiamen,
• is anxious lest Buckingham shall not be relieved in time,
• assures Buckingham of the continuance of his favour,
• receives Buckingham cordially,
• orders Montaigne to license Manwaring's sermon,
• financial straits of,
• resists all entreaties to make peace,
• releases the prisoners confined for refusing to pay the forced loan,
• orders writs to be issued for a new Parliament, and demands ship-money,
• revokes his order for the payment of ship-money,
• speaks at the opening of the Parliament of 1628,
• thinks that he can buy off the opposition of the Commons by persecuting the Catholics,
• lays the heads of his expenditure before the Commons,
• is almost without support in the Commons,
• receives graciously the petition of the two Houses against recusants,
• asks for an immediate supply, and assures the Commons that he has no desire to entrench on their liberties,
• is pleased by a vote in committee for five subsidies,
• becomes less hopeful,
• directs the Commons to remain sitting on Good Friday,
• grows impatient, and demands an immediate supply,
• tells the Commons that he is as careful of their liberties as they are,
• orders Denbigh to sail at all risks,
• orders Coventry to declare that his word must be trusted for the execution of the law,
• wishes to know whether the Commons will rest on his royal word,
• refuses to do more than to confirm Magna Carta and the six statutes,
• loses patience at hearing that a Petition of Right has been prepared in the Commons, and thinks of dissolving Parliament,
• argues in favour of his right to imprison without showing cause, and offers to disclose the cause as soon as is convenient,
• considers it to be a point of honour to succour Rochelle,
• is angry at Denbigh's failure.
• orders Denbigh to refit his fleet,
• questions the judges how far the Petition of Right will bind him,
• asks the opinion of the Council on the answer to be given to the Petition of Right,
• gives an evasive answer to Parliament,
• threatens a dissolution,
• forbids the Commons to lay scandal on his ministers,
• hesitates to resist both Houses,
• withdraws his prohibition to the Commons to inquire into the state of affairs,
• assents to the Petition of Right,
• makes minor concessions, but refuses to dismiss Buckingham,
• imposes a fine on the City for its failure to discover the murderers of Dr. Lambe,
• answers the remonstrance of the Commons,
• refuses to allow the Commons to make a temporary grant of tonnage and poundage,
• declares his intention to prorogue Parliament,
• states his case respecting tonnage and poundage,
• prorogues Parliament,
• his case against the Commons,
• makes unpopular ecclesiastical appointments,
• pardons Manwaring, and gives him the living of Stanford Rivers,
• hopes to obtain from Spain a support for his foreign policy,
• sends Carlisle to Lorraine and Italy,
• informs the Prince of Orange that he wishes to make peace with Spain,
• visits Southwick,
• is unwilling to negotiate at once with France for peace,
• hears of Buckingham's murder,
• intends to erect a monument to Buckingham,
• abandons the idea,
• has no favourite after Buckingham,
• takes the direction of the government,
• foreign policy of,
• sends Lindsey to the relief of Rochelle,
• sends Morgan to relieve Glueckstadt, and converses with Contarini on the terms of peace with France,
• is on good terms with his wife after Buckingham's death,
• rejects the French overtures,
• orders Lindsey to persevere,
• impression made by the fall of Rochelle on,
• is reconciled to Arundel and Cottington,
• delays sending aid to the King of Denmark,
• hopes for a Spanish alliance, and carries on a negotiation with France,
• important bearing of the dispute about tonnage and poundage on the constitutional claims of,
• wishes to come to an understanding with Parliament on tonnage and poundage,
• offence given by the ecclesiastical appointments of,
• has no taste for dogmatic controversy,
• issues a declaration to be prefixed to the Articles,
• receives Abbot into favour, and grants pardons to Montague and others,
• difficulties in the way of,
• declares he has no intention of levying tonnage and poundage by prerogative,
• denies that religion is in danger,
• attack of the Commons on the ecclesiastical supremacy of,
• orders the reprieve of a condemned priest,
• declares that the Custom House officers have acted by his authority, and are not responsible to the Commons,
• hopes that the Commons will reconsider their position,
• orders an adjournment,
• sends for the mace,
• intends to force open the doors of the House of Commons,
• dissolves Parliament and orders the imprisonment of nine members,
• publishes a declaration announcing his policy,
• issues a proclamation against rumours of his intention to call a Parliament,
• determines to punish Eliot,
• is dissatisfied with the answers of the judges to Heath's questions on the case of the imprisoned members of the Commons,
• orders that all the judges shall be consulted,
• consults the judges on the jurisdiction of the Star Chamber over the imprisoned members of Parliament,
• wishes to delay the decision of the King's Bench in favour of bailing the prisoners,
• orders that the prisoners shall not be produced in court,
• his conduct to the judges,
• treats with several powers for the recovery of the Palatinate,
• negotiates with Sweden and Denmark,
• professes to be ready to help the King of Denmark if he had the means,
• abandons the Huguenots in the treaty of Susa between England and France,
• suspects Richelieu of wishing to tyrannise over the French Protestants,
• is dissatisfied with Rubens' statement that it will be difficult to restore the Palatinate, and allows Gustavus to levy soldiers in England and Scotland,
• sends Roe on a mission to the Baltic, and wishes success to the Dutch,
• opens negotiations with Spain,
• venality at the Court of,
• objects to the coming of a bishop to preside over the Queen's priests,
• urges Rubens to obtain the surrender of the fortresses in the Palatinate, and sends Cottington to Madrid with instructions to come away if it is not promised,
• proposes to arbitrate between Spain and the States-General,
• resolves to bring the imprisoned members of Parliament before the King's Bench instead of the Star Chamber,
• proposes to the judges the terms on which bail is to be offered to the imprisoned members,
• wishes Sir John Walter to retire from the Bench,
• suspends Walter,
• gives his confidence to Laud,
• orders Bishop Howson to proceed no further against Cosin,
• sends instructions to the Bishops,
• enforces his Declaration on Religion impartially,
• protests against the doctrines of Dudley's paper of advice,
• revives the knighthood fines,
• has no European policy beyond a wish to recover the Palatinate,
• receives Coloma at Whitehall,
• is dissatisfied at the refusal of Olivares to engage to restore the Palatinate, and knights Rubens,
• draws back from his demand that Spain shall give up the fortresses in the Palatinate,
• proposes to Spain a league against the Dutch,
• sends Anstruther to Ratisbon, and Vane back to the Hague,
• distrusts Richelieu,
• tries to stand well with all Continental parties,
• hears that a treaty has been signed at Madrid between himself and Spain,
• speaks coldly of the peace with Spain,
• sends Anstruther to Vienna and talks of assisting Gustavus,
• disbelieves a rumour that Hamilton is meditating treason,
• insists on Hamilton's sleeping in his bedchamber, and allows him to raise men in England,
• does not countenance the schemes of his mother-in-law,
• refuses to abandon Weston,
• refuses permission to Mary de Medicis to visit England,
• opens negotiations with Gustavus,
• offers to join Spain and the Emperor,
• cannot make up his mind whether to help Gustavus or not,
• cruel treatment of Eliot by,
• refuses to summon Parliament to ask for money for Gustavus,
• opens fresh negotiations with Gustavus,
• rejects the terms offered by Gustavus, and makes counter-propositions.
• orders Wake to propose to Louis a joint action in Germany,
• receives St. Chaumont coldly,
• allusions of Massinger to,
• on the rejection of his terms by Gustavus recalls Vane and Anstruther,
• hopes that Frederick will take the place of Gustavus,
• the nobles of the Spanish Netherlands ask for the support of,
• expects to have a part of Flanders ceded to him by Spain,
• instructs Boswell to be present at the conferences between the States-General of the Spanish and those of the independent Netherlands,
• learns that Spain will not cede to him territory in Flanders,
• assures Louis that he will concur in the liberation of the obedient Netherlands,
• offers assistance to Oxenstjerna,
• offers to join France in the war in Germany,
• professes to abide by the constitution,
• refuses to allow Eliot to leave the Tower,
• orders that Eliot shall be buried in the Tower,
• visits St. Paul's and appoints commissioners to collect money for its repair,
• enforces his Declaration on religion at Oxford,
• orders that the window broken by Sherfield shall be replaced with white glass,
• issues an Act of Revocation in Scotland,
• offers compensation to the tithe-owners, and partially suspends the Articles of Perth,
• arranges a commutation of tithes in Scotland,
• alienates the Scottish nobility,
• is crowned King of Scotland,
• orders the Prayer-book of the Scottish bishops to be submitted to Laud,
• approves of Laud's advice to introduce the English Prayer-book into Scotland,
• takes down the names of voters in the Scottish Parliament,
• directs the Scottish bishops to draw up a new Prayer-book, and returns to England after being nearly drowned at Burntisland,
• directs the Scottish clergy to appear in white,
• is shown the supplication of the Lords of the Opposition,
• orders proceedings to be taken against Balmerino,
• pardons Balmerino.
• takes Hamilton for his adviser on Scottish affairs,
• promotes Scottish bishops to places of authority,
• appoints Laud Archbishop of Canterbury,
• directs Laud to place restrictions on ordination,
• and to bring lecturers and chaplains to order,
• supports Laud's objection to power being given to laymen to appoint or dismiss ministers,
• interferes to enforce order in Paul's Walk,
• removes the suit about the position of the communion-table at St. Gregory's to the Privy Council,
• announces his decision,
• forbids Richardson to put any obstacle in the way of the Somerset wakes,
• orders the republication of the Declaration of Sports,
• orders it to be read in churches,
• spares the lives of the Lancashire witches,
• suggests the plot of Shirley's Gamester,
• sends Jermyn to prison and pardons him at the Queen's request,
• neglects the League of Heilbronn, and consents to Nethersole's proposal to raise a benevolence,
• withdraws his consent,
• gives instructions to Gerbier with regard to the proposed revolution in the Netherlands,
• is betrayed by Gerbier,
• is courted by France and Spain,
• proposes to send Charles Lewis with an army to the Palatinate, but subsequently treats with Necolalde, and proposes to send Charles Lewis to join Feria,
• makes offers to Spain,
• unreality of the schemes of,
• urges the League of Heilbronn to make peace,
• maintains Portland against Laud and Coventry,
• resolves to levy ship-money,
• orders the seizure of Coke's papers,
• is pleased with Holland's extension of the Forest of Dean,
• legal character of the absolutism of,
• is angry with the Dutch on hearing that they wish the French to join in an attack on Dunkirk,
• rejects overtures made to him by France, and orders the preparation of a treaty with Spain,
• proposes to arm a fleet to carry out the treaty for partitioning the Netherlands,
• issues the first writ of ship-money,
• continues to hope to recover the Palatinate,
• urges Elizabeth to rely on his diplomacy,
• is his own foreign minister,
• orders Hopton to conclude a treaty at Madrid,
• names commissioners to treat with Seneterre and Pougny, but orders them to spin out time,
• obtains a copy of the treaty between France and the States-General for the partition of the Spanish Netherlands, and orders attention to be paid to the musters,
• is anxious that his agreement with Spain should not be committed to writing,
• issues instructions to Lindsey,
• receives no money from the Spaniards,
• rejects Richelieu's compromise about saluting his flag,
• is left without allies,
• sends to Ireland the first draft of the Graces,
• orders a committee to be appointed to investigate the case of the Byrnes,
• relations of Wentworth with,
• promotes Lorenzo Cary against Wentworth's wish,
• orders the dissolution of the Irish Parliament,
• wishes to give to the Queen a part of the fine imposed by the Star Chamber on the City of London,
• rejects the French overtures about the Palatinate,
• remits Southampton's fine, and issues a commission to take compositions for encroachments on the forests,
• orders a wall to be built round Richmond Park,
• disapproves of Land's resistance to his plan,
• Laud's complaint of the selfishness prevailing in the Court of,
• refuses to punish Bagg,
• consults the judges on the legality of ship-money,
• legal and political view of his claim to levy ship-money,
• offers to ally himself with the Emperor, and proposes an exchange of Lorraine for the Palatinate,
• insists that the French ambassadors shall give the title of Electoral Highness to his nephew,
• is gratified by Necolalde's use of the title, and rejects the French proposals,
• resolves to send Arundel to Vienna,
• enforces the payment of ship-money,
• refuses to excuse the children born in England of foreign parents from using the English Prayer-book,
• appoints Windebank to receive Panzani,
• authorises Windebank to treat on the reunion of the churches, and selects an agent to reside at Rome in the Queen's name,
• behaves reverently in the Queen's chapel,
• draws back from Panzani,
• makes Juxon Treasurer,
• orders Laud to take proceedings against Lady Purbeck,
• refuses to allow Lady Purbeck to return to England,
• proposes to visit Oxford,
• visits Oxford,
• want of enthusiasm in the streets during the visit of,
• orders copies of Selden's Mare Clansum to be officially preserved,
• sends out the second ship-money fleet,
• draws up Arundel's instructions,
• refuses Arundel's request to be recalled,
• orders Leicester to make overtures to Louis,
• sends Windebank for a short time to prison, and carries on negotiations with France in a hesitating way,
• recalls Arundel,
• continues vacillating,
• theory on which his government rests,
• does not fulfil Wentworth's expectations,
• approves Wentworth's defence of his government of Ireland,
• is displeased at Danby's protest against ship-money,
• shrinks from summoning Parliament, and from going to war,
• declares that he will take up his nephew's cause against the House of Austria,
• proposes to lend ships to his nephew,
• terms offered by Richelieu to,
• consults the judges on the legality of ship-money,
• accepts Richelieu's terms and prepares to send his nephew to sea,
• applies to Wentworth for advice on the proposed alliance with France,
• is disappointed of the French alliance, and turns to Spain,
• attempts to persuade the Dutch fishermen to take licences,
• directs Gerbier to obtain the support of the Cardinal Infant,
• orders an attempt to be made to distribute licences to the Dutch fishermen,
• nature of the government of,
• does not share in Laud's wish for the execution of the laws against the Catholics,
• his friendly intercourse with Con,
• declares his intention of providing a remedy against the Catholic conversions,
• struggle between Laud and the Queen for influence over,
• modifies his proclamation against the Catholics,
• thinks of pardoning Williams,
• leaves Williams to the Star Chamber,
• wishes Con to procure the banishment of Knott,
• hastens on the publication of The Religion of Protestants,
• is ready to have the legality of ship-money argued in open court,
• on the decision of the judges in his favour, acts as if there could no longer be any doubt as to his right to ship-money,
• levies compositions for forest fines,
• establishes new corporations,
• is interested in material improvements,
• offers to take the drainage of the Great Level into his own hands,
• undertakes the work,
• isolation of,
• underestimates his difficulties,
• his ignorance of the Scots,
• directs the Scottish bishops to prepare a Prayer-book and Canons,
• issues canons for the Scottish Church,
• orders the adoption of the new Prayer-book,
• orders the Scottish Privy Council to suppress disturbances,
• finds himself unsupported by the Council,
• orders the Council to postpone the enforcement of the use of the Prayer-book, but to take repressive measures, and to remove itself and the Court of Session from Edinburgh,
• issues a proclamation declaring that he does not intend to break the laws of Scotland, and sends for Traquair,
• issues a proclamation in defence of the Prayer-book,
• postpones a decision on the affairs of Scotland,
• appoints Northumberland Lord Admiral,
• sends Hamilton to negotiate with the Scots,
• gives Hamilton two alternative declarations,
• instructs Hamilton to spin out his negotiations,
• prepares for war,
• refuses to accept the Covenant,
• consults the English Council on the affairs of Scotland,
• orders the formation of a committee for Scottish affairs, and finds that he has no money for carrying on a war,
• authorises an Assembly and Parliament in Scotland,
• offers a Covenant of his own,
• abandons the Scottish Prayer-book, Canons, and High Commission, and issues his Covenant in a revised form,
• summons an Assembly and Parliament to meet,
• objects to the claim of the Assembly to a Divine right,
• informs Hamilton that he is preparing for war,
• is driven into war with Scotland,
• foreign relations of,
• sends money to his nephew,
• orders Gerbier to carry on a secret negotiation with the Princess of Pfalzburg,
• protests against a statement of Cardenas,
• remonstrates with Mary de Medicis on her proposed visit to England,
• receives Mary de Medicis,
• is displeased at Bernhard's success,
• is inclined to negotiate with the Scots,
• prepares for war,
• orders an army to be raised,
• numbers of the army of,
• asks for a loan of Spanish soldiers,
• repeats his request to the Cardinal Infant,
• orders the publication of Laud's Conference with Fisher, and issues a proclamation accusing the Scots of wishing to plunder England,
• his plan of campaign,
• loses the fortresses in Scotland,
• arrives at York and recalls some of the monopolies,
• demands a general contribution,
• treachery suspected in the ministers of,
• advice given by Wentworth to,
• draws up a proclamation offering land at low rents to the loyal tenants of rebels,
• advances to Durham,
• sends Aboyne to the Forth,
• issues a fresh proclamation offering not to invade Scotland,
• orders Hamilton to negotiate and sends for reinforcements,
• poor quality of the army of,
• resolves to advance to Berwick, and writes to Hamilton to be ready to join him at a moment's notice,
• receives an answer to his proclamation,
• arrives at Berwick and encamps at the Birks,
• sends Arundel to read his proclamation at Dunse,
• intends to take the aggressive, but is in difficulty for money,
• demands a loan from the City,
• despondency in the camp of,
• summons Hamilton to Berwick, and acknowledges that Englishmen will not take his part against the Scots,
• witnesses the arrival of Leslie's army at Dunse Law,
• begs Wentworth to send a large force to Scotland,
• cannot keep his army together,
• receives overtures from the Scots,
• takes part in the negotiation for peace,
• dialectical skill of,
• presses the City to lend money,
• accepts the Treaty of Berwick,
• disagrees with the Covenanters on the mode of providing pay for a force to be sent to aid his nephew,
• difficulties in the way of the re-establishment of his authority in Scotland,
• summons bishops to the Assembly of Edinburgh,
• believes his conversation to be misrepresented in Scotland,
• abandons the intention of visiting Edinburgh, and has an altercation with the leaders of the Covenanters,
• gives instructions to Traquair and returns to Whitehall,
• orders the Scottish report of his conversations at Berwick to be burnt, and directs the bishops to protest against the legality of the Assembly,
• his plan for the reconstitution of the Lords of the Articles,
• refuses to rescind the Acts in favour of episcopacy,
• objects to the constitutional and legislative changes voted in the Scottish Parliament,
• distributes honours amongst his supporters in Scotland,
• hopes that Bernhard of Weimar will aid in the recovery of the Palatinate for his nephew,
• again seeks help from Spain,
• orders Pennington to prevent Tromp from searching English vessels,
• offers to protect Oquendo's fleet,
• offers terms to the Spaniards,
• sends contradictory directions to Pennington,
• makes offers to Richelieu,
• expects that Charles Lewis will obtain the command of Bernhard's army,
• orders Pennington to protect Oquendo,
• advises Oquendo to prepare for the worst,
• is angry at the Dutch victory in the Downs,
• is displeased at his nephew's imprisonment,
• allows the prosecution of Lord Loftus of Ely,
• takes Wentworth as his chief counsellor,
• sends Loudoun and Dunfermline back to Scotland, and orders the prorogation of the Scottish Parliament,
• announces his intention of summoning a Parliament in England,
• suspicions felt of his intentions to overawe the Short Parliament,
• refuses to appoint Leicester Secretary,
• appoints Vane Secretary,
• refuses to give his eldest daughter to the son of the Prince of Orange, but offers his second daughter,
• instructs Hopton on the language to be held by him on the fight in the Downs,
• believes Richelieu to be the cause of his Scottish troubles,
• obtains the letter written by the Covenanters to the King of France,
• discusses his powers with the Scottish Commissioners,
• gives them reason to think that he does not intend to allow the abolition of episcopacy,
• sends to Louis a copy of the letter of the Scots, which he considers to be treasonable, and imprisons the Scottish Commissioners,
• orders the letter of the Scots to be read to the Short Parliament,
• summons the Houses before him and orders Finch to explain that he is ready to give up ship-money if a fleet be supported in another way,
• appeals to the Lords against the Commons,
• gives his full support to Strafford,
• agrees that the ship-money judgment may be reversed in the House of Lords, and declares that he will be content with eight subsidies,
• dissolves the Short Parliament,
• consults the Committee of Eight on the best mode of carrying on war against the Scots,
• is estranged from the nation,
• issues a declaration explaining the dissolution of the Short Parliament, and imprisons members of Parliament,
• threatens the Lord Mayor and imprisons four aldermen,
• is disappointed by the silence of the Spanish ambassadors on the subject of a proposal of marriage,
• hesitates to persist in measures of repression,
• calls out the trained bands of the counties round London, and tries to regain popularity,
• abandons Strafford's policy of enforcing obedience,
• visits Strafford when he is ill,
• persists in the war with Scotland,
• finds an insulting inscription on a window at Whitehall,
• orders the continuance of the sittings of Convocation,
• his deposition canvassed in Scotland,
• orders the Lord Mayor to distrain for ship-money,
• thinks first of using force against the City, and then of negotiating with the Scots,
• attempts to obtain a loan from France and Genoa,
• want of enthusiasm in the army raised by,
• places Catholics in military command,
• issues commissions of array for the army against Scotland,
• sets Loudoun at liberty,
• orders the prosecution of the Lord Mayor and sheriffs for neglect in the collection of coat-and-conduct money,
• orders the seizure of the bullion in the Tower,
• resolves to debase the coinage,
• continued irresolution of,
• is angry with the renewed refusal of the City to lend, and insists on proceeding with the debasement of the coinage,
• again proposes to negotiate with the Scots,
• vacillates between a peaceful and a warlike policy,
• announces his intention of going to York,
• orders reinforcements to be sent to the army, and ship-money to be collected,
• raises money on a consignment of pepper, and induces the trained bands of Durham and Yorkshire to support him,
• asks the Council what is to be done if the Scots march on London,
• refuses to despair,
• summons the Great Council,
• complains of the timidity of the Privy Council,
• holds a review of the army,
• receives affably the offer of the Yorkshiremen to pay their trained bands, and makes Strafford a Knight of the Garter,
• hesitates to call a Parliament, and accepts Hamilton's proposal to betray the counsels of the Scots,
• receives petitions from London and from the clergy, and opens the Great Council,
• announces that he intends to summon Parliament, and asks the Great Council to provide means for keeping the army on foot,
• insists upon retaining power over the castles in Scotland,
• wishes the negotiation with the Scots to be removed to York,
• allows the negotiation to be continued at Ripon,
• gives his consent to the agreement with the Scots,
• his opinion on his prospects in meeting Parliament,
• struggle for sovereignty between the Long Parliament and,
• is prevented by the presence of the Scottish army from dissolving Parliament,
• accepts Lenthall as Speaker.
• sends for Strafford,
• difficulty in trusting,
• resolution of the Commons not to hold responsible,
• orders Vane's paper to be burnt,
• is advised by Strafford to accuse the Parliamentary leaders,
• reviews the soldiers at the Tower,
• wishes to be present at the meetings of the English and Scottish Commissioners,
• refuses to give up the incendiaries to the Scotish Parliament,
• consents to a marriage between his eldest daughter and Prince William of Orange, and expects the Prince of Orange to assist him in his quarrel with Parliament,
• declares that he will not allow Parliament to punish his servants,
• offer of the Commons to provide for the subsistence of,
• is reported to have offered liberty of worship to the Catholics if he is successful by the Pope's aid,
• tells Bristol that he means to resist Parliament,
• promises the Scots not to employ anyone condemned by their Parliament,
• wishes to keep the Irish army together for future service,
• has no feeling against asking for foreign aid,
• declares that on three points he will not give way,
• poverty of the Court of,
• informs the Dutch ambassadors of his wish for a political alliance,
• announces that the judges are to hold office on good behaviour, and appoints Lyttelton Lord Keeper,
• appoints St. John Solicitor-General,
• sends for the Houses on the occasion of the demand of the Commons for Goodman's execution,
• declares that he will put away all innovations, but will not turn the bishops out of the House of Lords or assent to the Triennial Bill,
• fails to impart confidence in his sincerity,
• is asked to put Goodman to death,
• throws over the Catholics,
• gains a respite by the compromise in the Commons on the subject of episcopacy,
• informs the Houses of the completion of the Dutch marriage treaty,
• is said to intend to dissolve Parliament and liberate Strafford,
• unites the Commons against him by menacing them with an Irish army,
• gives the Royal assent to the Triennial Bill,
• admits seven of the Opposition Lords to the Privy Council,
• does not throw himself on the Peers' sense of justice,
• fails to take the right course to save Strafford,
• takes his seat in the House of Lords to hear the charges against Strafford read,
• is indignant at the declaration of the Scottish Commissioners against episcopacy in England,
• is present at Strafford's trial,
• is anxious to save Strafford,
• listens to proposals for obtaining a petition from the army,
• hears of the plot for bringing the army up,
• wishes Percy and Suckling to confer together,
• refuses to concur in the project of bringing up the army,
• injures Strafford by taking no notice of the reiterated request of Parliament for the disbandment of the Irish army,
• is pleased at the disagreement between the Houses on Strafford's trial,
• listens to Pyms reply to Strafford's defence, and again refuses to disband the Irish army,
• assures Strafford that he shall not suffer in life, honour, or fortune,
• sends money to the Northern army, and is believed to intend to put himself at its head.
• alleged intention of, to take refuge in Portsmouth, then to summon the English and Irish armies to his aid, and to dissolve Parliament,
• again refuses to disband the Irish army,
• appears in the House of Lords to beg that some way of saving Strafford's life may be found,
• authorises the Portuguese ambassadors to levy troops, and sends Billingsley to occupy the Tower,
• talks of taking refuge with the Northern army,
• gives Jermyn a licence to pass the sea,
• offers to receive a deputation from the Houses about his assent to the Bill of Attainder,
• learns that Goring has betrayed him,
• takes the opinion of the judges and of some of the bishops,
• mental conflict of,
• consents to sign a commission giving the Royal assent to the Bill of Attainder,
• writes to the Peers,
• effect of the Bill against the Dissolution of Parliament on,
• is obliged to make appointments according to the wish of Parliament,
• proposes to visit Scotland,
• wishes to win over the leading Scots,
• hesitates between the advice of Bristol and that of the Queen,
• negotiation of the Irish Catholics with,
• makes Digby a peer,
• does not take interest in any scheme of Church reform,
• asks Hyde to keep back the Root-and-Branch Bill,
• tries to throw off the blame of complicity in Montrose's schemes,
• engages in a second Army Plot,
• appends his initials to the petition entrusted to Legg,
• responsible ministers proposed to,
• consents to the disbandment of the Northern army, and the dismissal of Rossetti,
• his last interview with Rossetti,
• gives his assent to the abolition of the Star Chamber and of the High Commission,
• issues a manifesto about the Palatinate, declares that he knows of no evil counsellors, and resolves to go to Scotland,
• appoints Essex Lord Chamberlain, and listens to the advice of Williams,
• his reasons for wishing to go to Scotland,
• announces his intention of going to Scotland,
• recommends the Lords not to oppose the Commons till he returns from Scotland,
• is requested to remain in England,
• passes a Bill declaring ship-money illegal, and another limiting his forest claims,
• consents to delay his journey for one day, and promotes Bristol and his partisans,
• passes a Bill for confirming the treaty with the Scots, and another declaring knighthood-fines illegal,
• sets out for Scotland,
• vacillates between two policies,
• leaves England without a Government,
• passes through the two armies, and enters Edinburgh,
• ratifies the Acts of the Scottish Parliament, and tries to win over the Scots,
• negotiates with the Irish Catholics,
• advice of Nicholas to,
• symptoms of a reaction in favour of,
• is unable, in his absence, to take advantage of the change of feeling,
• is feasted in the Parliament House at Edinburgh,
• is asked to appoint to offices in Scotland with consent of Parliament,
• is mortified at finding that his proposals are objected to,
• two letters of Montrose to,
• is displeased with Hamilton,
• receives a third letter from Montrose, which he resolves to lay before some of the Lords,
• vindicates himself from complicity with the Incident,
• asks that the inquiry may be openly conducted,
• is defeated,
• attempts to gain a party in England, and to obtain evidence of the part taken by the Parliamentary leaders in bringing the Scots into England,
• writes to Nicholas to give assurance of his constancy to the discipline and doctrine of the Church,
• appoints new bishops,
• offers religious liberty to the Irish Catholics,
• asks the Scottish Parliament to assist in reducing the Irish Rebellion,
• evidence of his part in the second Army Plot brought before the Commons,
• prepares to return to England,
• intentions formed by,
• popularity needed by,
• the wealthy citizens of London on the side of,
• enters the City, and announces that he will defend the Protestant religion as established in the times of Elizabeth and his father,
• is feasted at Guildhall,
• dismisses the Parliamentary guard,
• receives the Grand Remonstrance,
• takes up a position of resistance,
• his commission alleged to be given to Phelim O'Neill,
• appoints Nicholas Secretary, and Lennox High Steward, and dismisses Vane,
• directs the Lord Mayor to keep order in the City,
• issues a proclamation commanding obedience to the laws in favour of the true religion,
• names a commission to bring his expenditure within the limits of his income, and summons absent members of the Commons to return to their duties,
• declares his readiness to assent to the Impressment Bill if a clause saving the rights of himself and his subjects is inserted,
• refuses to execute priests,
• hesitates to proceed against the Parliamentary leaders,
• appoints Lunsford to the Lieutenancy of the Tower,
• answers the Grand Remonstrance,
• dismisses Newport from the Constableship of the Tower,
• dismisses Lunsford, and appoints Byron to the Lieutenancy,
• alleged overtures to the rebels in Ireland from,
• scheme proposed by the Irish Catholics to,
• proposes to send volunteers to Ireland, and invites to dinner the officers who had chased the apprentices out of Westminster Hall,
• orders a guard to be posted at Whitehall Gate,
• takes the protest of the bishops from Williams, and orders it to be laid before the Lords,
• offers Pym the Chancellorship of the Exchequer, but changes his mind, and gives it to Culpepper, making Falkland Secretary of State,
• hears that the Parliamentary leaders mean to impeach the Queen,
• resolves to secure the five members,
• orders the Attorney-General to impeach them and Mandeville,
• refuses a guard to the Commons except under his own authority,
• orders the studies of Pym, Holles, and Hampden to be sealed up,
• alienates the House of Lords by demanding the arrest of the accused members,
• takes counsel at night,
• makes preparations to arrest the members in person,
• his intention betrayed,
• delays to act,
• sets out from Whitehall,
• orders his followers to remain outside the House of Commons,
• enters the House, and asks for the five members,
• declares that 'the birds are flown,'
• withdraws from the House,
• seeks the members in the City,
• issues a proclamation for the arrest of the members,
• orders Mandeville and the five members to be proclaimed traitors, and replies angrily to a petition from the City in their favour,
• alienation of the City from,
• is anxious for the Queen's safety,
• leaves Whitehall,
• hopes to secure Portsmouth and Hull,
• wishes Danish soldiers to land at Hull,
• goes to Windsor, and announces that he will have the five members tried in another way,
• takes measures to secure Portsmouth,
• converses with Heenvliet,
• expects the Prince of Orange to help him,
• on his failure to secure Hull, sends a conciliatory message to the Houses,
• returns an evasive answer to the demand of the Commons for the fortresses and militia,
• learns that the Lords have joined the Commons, and that the Prince of Orange refuses to help him,
• returns a more satisfactory answer about the militia,
• places Conyers in charge of the Tower, and gives his assent to the Bishops' Exclusion Bill,
• assents to the Bill for pressing,
• takes leave of the Queen, and sends for the Prince of Wales,
• accepts Hyde as his counsellor,
• intends to go to the North,
• refuses to remain near Westminster,
• absolutely refuses to give up the militia,
• assures the Houses that he alone can settle the affairs of Ireland,
• gives his consent to the scheme for confiscating lands in Ireland,
• rumoured intention to use military force,
• his reception at York,
• sends for Essex and Holland,
• fails to secure support,
• a party of gentlemen leave London to join,
• forbids the appointment of Warwick as commander of the fleet, and assures the Yorkshire petitioners that he only wants Parliament to be reasonable,
• proposes to go with troops to Ireland,
• calls upon Parliament to obey the law, and quotes Pym,
• is requested by Parliament not to go to Ireland,
• resolves to demand entry into Hull,
• is refused admission into Hull,
• proclaims Sir J. Hotham a traitor,
• prohibits the levy of the trained bands in Yorkshire without orders from himself,
• sends to Scotland for aid,
• appeals to the gentry of Yorkshire,
• orders the removal of the Law Courts, and surrounds himself with a guard,
• summons a meeting on Heyworth Moor,
• issues commissions of array,
• appeals to the Scottish Council, and abandons his plan of a visit to Ireland,
• declares that he takes arms in defence only, and sends Hastings into Leicestershire,
• obtains possession of Newcastle,
• offers made to levy horse for,
• receives money from Worcester and his son,
• dismisses Northumberland, and places Pennington in command of the fleet,
• the Houses consider themselves at war with,
• the Commons declare that war has been begun by,
• goes to Beverley in the hope that Hotham will betray Hull,
• goes to Lincoln,
• answers sternly a petition for accommodation,
• is driven back from Hull, and arrives at Leicester,
• movements in favour of,
• summons Coventry,
• sets up the Royal Standard at Nottingham,